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Unit-I: Introduction to Compiler
This unit introduces students to the fundamentals of compilers. Key topics covered include:
- Phases and passes of a compiler.
- Bootstrapping and its significance.
- Finite state machines, regular expressions, and their applications to lexical analysis.
- Optimization of DFA-Based Pattern Matchers.
- Implementation of lexical analyzers.
- Formal grammars, BNF notation, and their application to syntax analysis.
- YACC and its role in syntactic specification.
Unit-II: Basic Parsing Techniques
Unit-II focuses on parsing techniques and automatic construction of efficient parsers. Topics include:
- Introduction to parsers.
- Shift-reduce parsing.
- Operator precedence parsing.
- Top-down parsing.
- Predictive parsers.
- Construction of LR parsers and parsing tables (LR(0), SLR, Canonical LR, LALR).
- Automatic parser generator.
Unit-III: Syntax-directed Translation
This unit explores syntax-directed translation and intermediate code generation. Topics covered are:
- Syntax-directed translation schemes.
- Implementation of syntax-directed translators.
- Intermediate code representation (postfix notation, parse trees, syntax trees).
- Translation of assignment statements, boolean expressions, flow control statements.
- Translation with a top-down parser.
- Handling array references, procedure calls, declarations, and case statements.
Unit-IV: Symbol Tables and Run-Time Administration
Unit-IV delves into symbol tables, runtime administration, and error detection. Topics include:
- Data structures for symbol tables.
- Representation of scope information.
- Implementation of simple stack allocation scheme.
- Storage allocation in block-structured languages.
- Error detection and recovery mechanisms for lexical, syntactic, and semantic errors.
Unit-V: Code Generation and Optimization
In this final unit, students learn about code generation and optimization techniques. Topics covered include:
- Design issues in code generation.
- Target language and addressing in the target code.
- Basic blocks and flow graphs.
- Optimization of basic blocks.
- Code generation algorithms.
- Machine-independent optimizations.
- Loop optimization techniques.
- Data-flow analysis for code optimization.